The 'castle nut' looks to be part of the
32mm nut, if so, how do we get 93.7 lb ft
torque spec without twisting off the cotter pin?
The castle nut is the whole 32mm nut. It has flats and the little slots on top where the cotter pin goes. There is a washer under the castle nut. I have a aftermarket titanium rear wheel axle nut and it has a flange at the bottom so you don't need to use the washer with that one.
You must remove the cotter pin. Unbend it and straighten it as much as possible with a pliers. Don't try to pull it out, you'll strike the exhaust or frame with the pliers when the cotter pin comes out or if the pliers slip off. After straightening the cotter pin, grab the head with a needle node pliers and tap on the pliers with a hammer or something. The cotter pin will pull through the holes after a few light taps and there will be no sudden release of tension that will cause accidents.
Get a good torque wrench to make the 93 ft lbs. You don't need to spend a hundred or more dollars, but don't get a cheapie. I bought an inexpensive torque wrench calibration tool and it also turns any tool with a square drive into a very accurate torque wrench. A 30" breaker bar works well to loosen the axle nut in a controlled manner. Don't try to use a wrench with a normal 8 to 10" handle, you will not have enough control.
Not saying you should under-torque this important fastener but, I had aftermarket wheels that required about 32 ft lb on the axle nut. I never used a cotter pin. The axle never moved and I did wheelies on occasion. The adjuster bolts hold the axle back, the chain holds the axle forward. The nut is there to prevent the axle from sliding out but if it's torqued a bit less than spec, you should have no problem. 93 ft lb is a failsafe and the swingarm legs need a certain amount of compression so they are drawn in fully against the wheel spacers. Adequate compression of the swing arm also effects the chain tension -- the swing arm legs compress, the wheelbase increases ever so slightly. This also amounts to about a quarter inch of chain slack taken up.
The chain is the tightest when the shock is
bottomed out, when the wheel is jammed up
under the seat? So if the bike went over
a small jump and the wheel extends downward
to its lowest point while airborne, is this
also more or less equally the same 'tightest' point?
The chain is at its maximum tension when the rear shock is bottomed out (fully compressed, no more travel remaining).
The chain gets looser as the rear shock extends. If your rear shock is at maximum extension (I guess you'd say it "topped out"), the chain is at its loosest. If you ever are on the brake so hard the rear tire lifts up, the rear shock extends fully. You will probably also hear the chain lashing against the swing arm because the chain is so loose with the swing arm at maximum extension permitted by the rear shock travel.
You are probably correct that the chain is at about medium tension when it sits on its side stand with only the bike's weight on the suspension. The chain can only get looser as weight is taken off the rear wheel...until the shock reaches its full extension.
it hadn't occurred to me until just now
that I might need to adjust the 'book' spec
of 1'' - 1.2 (or even 1.5'' according to your findings)
to something else?
The chain slack spec for the Gen1 is 1.3" ~ 1.5"
My 2012 ZX-14R (Gen2) service manual says, 1 inch to 1.2 inches.
Sorry, I thought you had the Gen1. Haven't adjusted the chain on the Gen2 yet so I can't comment but still encourage you to go on the loose side. You don't want too tight. If you overtighten a little, the chain will loosen itself by stretching after very little use. This can be hard on the output shaft bearings if the excessive chain tension is severe. Obviously it wears the chain and sprockets too.
I believe the lowering link is compressing my
shock, and pushing the wheel up a bit...
So, maybe my spec should read or show a little
tighter, when measured on the side stand,
1''?
A lowering link is longer than stock links. It should tilt the back of the swing arm up a bit compared to stock and the rear wheel goes up with it to produce a lower riding height. Seems to me, if the rear wheel goes up, this is the same action as putting weight on the rear suspension. Yeah, I'd say the lowering links probably are compressing the rear shock more than just the weight of the bike. I think you just stiffened your rear shock, it's "preloaded". So what happens if you sit on the preloaded rear shock? It compresses but less than it would if it were not preloaded. Sit on the bike and the rear shock will travel less than it would with stock links. Some of that travel is already taken up by the lowering links. True, if your rear suspension compressed enough to lower the tail one inch with stock links, that would tighten the chain slack. I don't know how much you should reduce the specced chain slack to compensate for the fact that the rear shock is preloaded. I would try 1" chain slack and see how that goes. If the chain stretches, you know 1" slack is too tight. If the chain slaps around or the final drive feels jerky, you know 1" slack is too loose.
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